The Parisian club has now won the prestigious cup on 14 separate times.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a stoppage-time leveler followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to overcome Marseille in the Gulf and capture a fourth straight French Super Cup title.
The Champions League holders appeared to be coasting towards a comfortable triumph in the showdown between the French league champions and the French Cup holders after the French winger found the scoring in the opening stages.
Yet, the southern French side struck twice in the closing moments to take a surprise advantage. Initially, the English forward converted from the spot-kick, before Willian Pacho unfortunately directed the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a breathtaking turn of fortune, the Portuguese striker grabbed a vital leveler in the final moments to force the contest into a deciding shootout. PSG goalkeeper Lucas Chevalier then emerged as the key figure, stopping crucial kicks from O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
In the shootout, Goncalo Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and Desire Doue all converted successfully for PSG to seal a 4-1 penalty win.
Now 14-time winners PSG, who faced last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Marseille after completing a domestic double, have now won this competition for the 12th time in the past thirteen seasons.